The War Against Applt Texas Essay Samples

The War Against Applt Texas Essay Samples Folks tend to opt for a range of themes of who they are and attempt to describe all of them. My buddies say that I'm a really funny and an intriguing girl with a great sense of humor. Texas hold everything I love from my family to my pals. It has many different events going on during the year that you can often hear music just sitting outside your house. Make certain that it is error-free one of the most frequent explanations for why an application is rejected is as it is poorly written. Your list will just supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. The next easy scholarships have application processes which are a little more manageable. Though a fantastic solution for one-on-one time, it may also be a costly alternative. The Do's and Don'ts of Applt Texas Essay Samples At length, should you get contacted by means of an employer, REPLY. When you have answered that question, you're ready to go. Y ou're not really asking for work, just attempting to receive them on a call to find out more. Most men and women wish to react to your email, they really do. Applt Texas Essay Samples Explained Navigating the correct environmental permits are sometimes a tricky thing. It's very valuable to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. For instance, if you opt to rate a substantial experience, achievement or risk you've taken and its effect on you, make certain you thoughtfully and critically analyze both the circumstance and its impact. Make certain you give clear explanations of the things on your list also. Finding Applt Texas Essay Samples Eight hours of notice is necessary for paid sick moment. Then mention that you'd like to find out more about their job and duties. Get in touch and say you're seeking to receive their advice on careers, or you're attempting to learn more concerning the business and its opportunities. There continue to be plenty of good opportunities available for summer, but you must take action now. The Ultimate Applt Texas Essay Samples Trick The important point here is going to be to keep it focused on you. Now things started to get really intriguing. Pick a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make sure that you know a lot about it! So you would like to concentrate on examples in which things happened. Even then you're not able to discover the informative and accurate details. When it has to do with easy applications, you can't get much simpler than the subsequent scholarship programs. Please, don't hesitate to ask any questions that may have during your training. Naturally, many students wind up using both! Applt Texas Essay Samples Explained You're able to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. College life includes writing essays and application letters whether you're in the sphere of compa ny or literature. Please be aware that a few of these college essay examples might be responding to prompts that are no longer being used. Once you receive a task done from us you will return again if you need assistance with another one of your essays. When searching for help writing an essay it's important to remain honest and prevent plagiarism. Then the very best way is set a request I will need to acquire essay papers written. Stephen's essay is quite effective. You've got to realise all of the significance of admission essay to begin with. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is simply a form essay. This region of the essay is where you restate your general point and to earn a very clear ending of the topic. The type of essay you're looking for will be provided to you within the deadline provided to you. Now you can purchase genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done also. You could write your essay about a particular tradition or event in a community, and the reason it's important to who you have become. Furthermore, if you turn to the web for writing tips, be ready to spend a massive chunk of time sifting through information to discover a reliable source. Below are the key problems the report mentions and my commentary. If you're a global student worrying about your writing skills, there are numerous helpful resources which are available to you. There are lots of things which you can do to improve your probability of obtaining a scholarship and writing a scholarship essay is just one of it. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you will need to contact. If you're struggling with writing essays and wish to increase your skills, taking a course or workshop can be exceedingly helpful. You're able to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the assistance of our professional experts.

Ingo money founder and his firm growth Example

Essays on Ingo money founder and his firm growth Admission/Application Essay Finance and Accounting After graduating as a finance and business it is advisable to look for jobs in young financial firms. The reason for this lies in the fact that young firms play a central role in job creation as they invest in innovation and the steady growth of its institutions. With such ambitions and postulation of future development and growth in business circles, new firms are in constant need of fresh minds and talents that can be easily sourced from graduating students. Owing to the recent advancement in technology and ever-changing market dynamics, many young financial firms are investing in a labor force that can adapt to these changes in a very responsive manner and hence give the fresh graduates higher chances of landing jobs. On the other hand, finding a job in such organizations gives an individual the opportunity to practice their professional careers and espouses advancement in their professional portfolio to higher occupational levels (Dane Paul 43). An already established firm provides very limited chances for employment and subsequent growth owing to the already established structures with a sufficiently experienced human resource. Such firms have minimal need for aggravated growth, development and expansion plans hence no bears no future for the young graduates (Dane Paul 43). One such firm in the financial business sector is Ingo Money, Inc.; a leading innovator in risk management, the management of funds in the form of mobile deposits and money transfer services. The founder of this company is Drew Edwards, whose main objective of setting up this organization was essential in filling a gap in the market domain by availing a convenient source of recurring funds for a wide array of payment platform that makes use of new digital payment. Drew founded the company about 12 years ago; before then, he was the chairman and chief executive officer of Towne Services, Inc. where he made remarkable contribution to the organization while employing an efficient leadership strategy. He has also served in different management positions with the Federal Reserve Bank and the Bankers Bank in Atlanta and skylight financial. Having worked in the banking industry for over a decade, Drew saw the need to provide a new platform for innovative minds in the market and came up with a solution through Ingo Money- the only technology solution of its kind in the market domain. Bruce Zagaris attributed Ingo Money to a viable business venture owing to the high positive feedback and reception in the market. The firm is performing exceedingly well as demonstrated by the millions of subscribers using their technology to access funds from bank branches, ATMs, mobile devices and alternative financial services. Owing to the feasibility aspect of the business venture as projected by the market trends, Ingo Money Inc. provides a perfect case example of a firm with a great potential and capacity to grow and be established at the helm of the industry for a long time to come (Zagaris 102). The organization has for a long time relied on creativity and innovation capabilities on its programs to remain relevant in the market (Roy Gayle 180). It is in essence an inevitable strategy for the firm owing to the dynamic nature of the industry. For this reason, the company needs to employ the services of fresh innovative minds to come up with new software programs that can be integrated into mobile applications to keep up with the new trends in the market. Graduates getting opportunities to work with such vibrant firms in the industry are guaranteed of sharpening their skills and gaining expansive technical and professional skills that are crucial in the course of gaining experience and establishing their careers (Roy Gayle 180). In summation, it is quite essential for graduates to be keen when selecting the firms that they would like to work for as this will determine how fast one is able to rise in the corporate ladder and be an accomplished profession in their various fields of specialty. The need to secure the right firm is even much higher for individuals in competitive fields such as finance and business as one stands the risk of stagnating in one position if they get themselves in uncompetitive, less vibrant firms in the business sector. Works cited Bruce, Zagaris. Handbook of International Management. London: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. Dane, Stangier Paul, Kedrosky. Neutralism and Entrepreneurship: The Structural Dynamics of Startups, Young Firms and Job Creation. Retrieved on (September, 2010) from: http://www.unibg.it/dati/corsi/37027/50758-4.%20The%20structural%20dynamics%20of%20startups,%20young%20firms,%20and%20job%20creation.pdf Roy, Smith Gayle, DeLong. Global Banking. New York: Watson Sons, 2012. Print.

Analyze On The Ethical Issue Of The Toyota Motor Corporation

Question: Discuss about the Analyze On The Ethical Issue Of The Toyota Motor Corporation. Answer: Introduction The aim of this study is to analyze on the ethical issue of the Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota Motor Corporation also known as Toyota is a multinational automobile manufacturing company that is headquartered in Japan. This organization has been ranked fifth biggest in the globe as measured by revenue (Chun et al., 2013). Toyota has been considered as the market leader in the globe in terms of sales of electric vehicles. In addition, the organizations financial services division mainly offers financing to the dealers as well as their customers for purchasing Toyota vehicles. This company conducts their business in automotive industry. The nature of business of Toyota is to design, produce and sale vehicles and related parts in the global market. Ethical situation and its impact on the organization Business ethics refers to the form of professional ethics that evaluates ethical principles as well as ethical issues occurring in the business environment. It ensures required trust level that exists between the customers and different forms of participants in the market with business. In addition, the economic globalization increases pressure on the business ethics. The Toyotas recall problem reflects that the business ethics has been ubiquitous and this impacts on the development as well as prosperity of the organization (Crane Matten, 2016). This company has been well known for Union busting, which led to destruction of small nations in the globe. It highlights on the decrease in standard of living of the citizens of country. There are more than instances of the Toyotas manufacturing plant in US where the employees are often fired or often disappear from compensation pay roll. Recent study reflects that the employees working in few manufacturing plants of Toyota suicides due to their unethical behavior (Durkheim, 2013). Even this organization builds their manufacturing plants in poor nations for taking advantage of the nations low wage. In fact, many of their laborers of this company have been kept on temporary job for few years and hence increases number of recalls. Some of the employees of this company have complained about their dissatisfaction of their wages. Some recent cases highlights that few workers have been abused with unpaid overtime. Furthermore, the passport of the international workers has also been stripped off by themanagement of Toyota and forced them in working for more than 16 hours each day. Moreover, the wages paid to them is also less than the legal minimum wages (Ulrich Sarasin, 2012). However, the companys ethical issues ranging from work fairness, justice and harassment to foreign investors affects this organization as well as the employees involved in it. The business activities were adversely affected owing to these ethical pro blems (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). In addition, it also adversely affected the relationship between the employees and other stakeholders. The total productivity also reduces and this decreases the companys profit margin. Besides excessive hours of working, stiff patterns of work and unfair wages are also the main ethical problems that Toyota must focus in solving it. Few employees of Toyota left the job due to their ethical problems and hence it lowered their standard of living. Recent statistics also reflects that ethical problems also led to production and quality issues in Toyota. As a result, it caused several car accidents in the nation leading to death rate. This in turn affected the companys brand value and reputation. Managing the situation and solution applied Themanagement of Toyota had admitted that they purposely abandoned safety concern as well as deferred recall investigation for saving money. In order to manage the production issues of car, the management of the company had recruited high level bureaucrats in order to facilitate the company in managing their relationship with the federal oversight agency (Swanson Frederick, 2016). In addition, the management of this organization revised their CSR (corporate social responsibility) policies and introduced customers first policy for satisfying them and attaining their trust (Trevino Nelson, 2016). They also improved their employees working condition and implemented unique philosophy as well as practices of manufacturing products. As a result, the quality of products as well as services improved due to adoption of these policies. The management of this company also provided ethical training session to the employees in order to maintain good business environment. Evaluation and proposal of alternative situation The proposal of alternative solution by which the ethical problems in Toyota company can be handled is explained in the steps given below: The company should adopt ethical as well as compliance training programs. This initiative will reflect the fact that the workers of this organization should cultivate as well as adhere to ethical workplace code (Weiss, 2014). The employees must discuss their ethical dilemma with the companys supervisor in order to resolve their problem and also help them in taking the right decision. The management of Toyota must develop a plan of action that has been steady with ethical priorities and justifies their ethical plan. They should also implement this action plan and utilize appropriate skills as well as competencies. An ombudsman must be designated for handling informal concerns of workers pertaining to the ethics in workplace. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that business ethics is vital for every organization as it helps in enhancing productivity as well as teamwork among the employees. Ethical conduct in organization encourages the culture of decision-making in the business. It also improves accountability as well as transparency in business activities. In addition, ethical behavior of the company facilitates in building strong reputation and attains trust of the customers. Although the unethical behavior in Toyota adversely affected their reputation, implementation of new ethical program as well as policies helped them in resolving the issues and attaining brand value. References Chun, J. S., Shin, Y., Choi, J. N., Kim, M. S. (2013). How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), 853-877 Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Durkheim, E. (2013).Professional ethics and civic morals. Routledge Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C. (2014).Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Swanson, D. L., Frederick, W. C. (2016). Denial and leadership in business ethics education.Business ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders, 222-240. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. Ulrich, P., Sarasin, C. (Eds.). (2012).Facing public interest: The ethical challenge to business policy and corporate communications(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Bmw Films Case Analysis Essay Example

Bmw Films Case Analysis Paper Marketing I : Professor Ian Fenwick Marketing I : Professor Ian Fenwick | BMW Films Case Analysis| | | Chalit Borwonnauwarux D540010| | | Executive summary BMW face though competition in US market after try to improve the situation by introduce number of new model to the core series, adjust pricing so it can compete, reorganize the dealer network and introduce new series of car to the market. Now we have a chance to focus on brand campaign call â€Å"BMW films† which is very successful campaign base on number of people who visit the web site and number of people who want more information about BMW. After analyze the data I found that viable option for management should do after very successful BMW films campaign is to utilize the film more by spreading and make more people see the film. We also can make people get DVD of the film if they go to the BMW dealer and this will show how we improve our dealer. This will only last for short term since the impact will be decrease as time goes by. My purpose for long term plan is for BMW to launch new BMW 1 series, which is design to be to capture younger customers. From data of people who visit bmwfilms. om website younger generation is also interested to buy our car but they can’t because of price barrier. I want to introduce new coupe for this new market segment. BMW films Analysis In BMW films we shift from what we normally do which is push strategy to pull strategy and emprise more on what make a BMW a BMW focus on branding only. To measure it success, movie quality is not the main measure of success, I will look at it from 3 perspective viewer data, target group and brand image. In this analysis I will make Lexus and Mercedes as main competitor because from data in chart1 and Chart 2 we can see that a lot of BMW owner witch from BMW to Mercedes and they switch to buy another car not to truck or SUV that BMW didn’t have. For Lexus they are the next brand that customers of BMW switch to in luxury segment and in term of volume they are number one in this market segment. While their car are at lower price point but they triple media expenditure compare to BMW, while Mercedes is spend twice compare to BMW, try to defend and counteract to Lexus is important or otherwise Lexus brand may surpass BMW in north America too. We will write a custom essay sample on Bmw Films Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bmw Films Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bmw Films Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First I will focus on data that we collected from user who watch the film from website so we can see how many people are watching each movie and then judge whether target customer, both current and prospect, is watching this film. From data in chart 3 we can see that number of user who came in and watch movie is over 9. 6 million views we also got almost 2 million visitors. The most important thing that we get from that is data for both current target market and prospect customer in the future and in that we found that around 30 percent of user who register already own luxury cars, some may argue that data that have been put in may be fake. Even so the number of data that we gather is a lot, if we cut half of them as fake, we still get one million prospect customers and we get 300 thousand luxury car owners. We got around 1. 2 million user who want email update and if we run campaign again this group will also tell their friends about that ,if manage well, they may turn in to brand ambassador protect BMW brand. Another way to make sure accuracy of data is to cross check name and address with current BMW customer database and see how many of them are match. This campaign may attracts younger audience the average age is only 31 compare to average age of BMW owner which is 46 years old and have less average income only 88,000 compare to 150,000 but one thing that you need to keep in mind is most of BMW owner when they want to buy new car they still prefer BMW if we can persuade younger generation to buy BMW 3-series as their first car there are very high chance that they will upgrade to BMW 5 series and 7 series when their salaries increase especially since we have broader type of car to answer different need of customers that’s very profitable when we look at customer lifetime value to company. Attracting younger customer also help us improve brand image compare to competitor. From data (Chart 4) we can see that BMW driver are younger compare to main competitor, such as Lexus and Mercedes, if we can make BMW brand attach with â€Å"young â€Å" and then make other competitor brand look old this will help to attract more younger customer and make them commit to use BMW for the rest of their life. Another thing that we can see from BMW customer base is while average ages of BMW owner are younger but their average incomes are higher we make people remember that BMW is the car for â€Å"highly educate, bright, affluent person who want to have a great driving experience†. If we can own that position which utilize BMW strong point as â€Å"Ultimate driving machine† then push other competitor to â€Å"car for boring and old people†. This campaign also improve brand image by reduce bad thing that associate with BMW brand such as â€Å"Status symbol, Yuppie-Machine† and also stress what BMW is all about â€Å"amazing performance† and try something new and exciting. This show people what make a BMW a BMW which is the main purpose of this campaign. From all reason above I think this campaign is successfully improving brand image of BMW and since target customer of BMW in another part of the world is almost the same we can use this movie to another part of the world. The effect may be not as successful as original one because we lose element of due to the internet age some may already watch movie via internet. It may not be as effective but since we already paid for the cost of production if it improve brand image we can utilize it more without any drawback. Some may argue that movie from America may not suitable for European or Asia but most of blockbuster movie also came from US not just that all movie critics were very positive about our films. One thing that we need to adjust is to make it more effective we should select only 3 films that have high positive impact on our brand then we need to add subtitle to make sure that peoples in each continent, which use different language, understand what movie is all about. We should run campaign to draw people to the BMW website in each continent then make them register their data to the website the same way that we do it in America. BMW owner demographic is different compare to main competitors such as Mercedes and Lexus. BMW owner are male, the same as our main competitor, but average age is lower compare to others (chart4). Median income is higher compare to Lexus customer base but lower than Mercedes. When we compare that demographic to data of people that watch BMW films we can see that viewer are younger and have lower median income this could be one of the opportunity of BMW. - BMW target is different from competitors, not just in term of demographic, in term of positioning. Mercedes are focus on classic prestige luxury and status, more comfortable and more conservative the same go for Lexus. BMW though we focus on driving experience car shouldn’t be just the tools to move you to point a to point b but experience in between BMW slogan as â€Å"ultimate driving machine† said it all. Evaluate options Before we decide what we want to do next I would like to go through each option strength and weakness of each option separately 1st Option: making existing five movies available for wider audience. We can make full length version of the existing movie in DVD and distribute it for people who come and test or buy any BMW car this will draw people to come to dealership and try our car. Another thing we can do is distribute this movie to every BMW customers who have owned BMW before and from record we didn’t see them bring their car for the routine checkup and didn’t buy any new BMW this can interpret that they already sold car and didn’t buy new BMW as their new car. We can use that movie to impress them with what BMW is all about and how we improve. Final group that we can send DVD to is current BMW owner who have come to checkup in the last 6 month to show them the new version of the car and remind them that if they want to buy a new car BMW is still a great choice. Strength 1. This will fully utilize money that we already spend on the movie. 2. Draw people to the showroom which increase chance of sell 3. Improve BMW brand image by remind people who never watch BMW films before what make a BMW a BMW improve our brand image. 4. Make people who may use to own BMW but switch to another brand to re-consider BMW next time they buy new car. Weakness . A lot of current BMW owner or used to own BMW may already see that movie so this DVD may not have any impact at all on brand image. 2. Some who switch to another brand may be because of another reason that didn’t about brand image such as quality of dealer and/or price this campaign isn’t help to improve anything. 3. We didn’t emphasize on improvement that we make a t all. Since we have improve a lot of thing from number of new model in core series to new series especially on pricing strategy and dealer which may be more important factor for a lot of people compare to just brand image alone. nd Option: Develop more short films, all featuring same lead actors. Since a lot of people who watch the film tell us that they want more this type of short films and the movie is help improve BMW brand image. While some may argue that we look like we repeating ourselves. We can build another 5 films and then we can distribute it as â€Å"collectors set† Strength: 1. We build on something that proves work last time around. This time more people may want to see it since last one is love by critics. 2. If we build different type of movies not only just action film we may draw new group of customer who never watch the first batch of movies. Weakness: 1. Since competitor will copy our success, impact of the new film will be a lot less because we lose element of surprise that we got from the first movie plus another will copy it so people may see new movie and look down on it. This may have bad impact on brand image. 2. Amount of money that we need to invest in this new movie will be high, may be higher because we need to improve from the first one. We will need to decrease normal advertising which will be used to introduce new model to people. Trade off will be hard to justify since impact of campaign will be reduce. We also need money to introduce a lot of model that will be launch. If we reduce money that use to make new movie the impact of the movie will be reverse now BMW brand may look cheap not luxuries. 3rd Option: Develop a feature-length movie and air in theatres around country. Strength: 1. Brand awareness that we will get from movie will be very high since this movie will be air around country and BMW will be the first brand who do something like this. All of the buzz will be belong to BMW and tell customer what make a BMW a BMW. Weakness: . Cost to do full feature-length film will be very high and this is not counting cost of promoting the film properly, cost of make BMW films available in movie theater all across country. While another film can charge full ticket price but this film since a lot of people will know that it is came from BMW it will be hard to ask for audience to pay full price for movie that want to show a car. With very high cost we can’t just share it with nor mal marketing budget it won’t be enough or you will need to use all budget for the movie alone. You will need a lot of sales to support that amount of spending which I don’t think it will increase that much. 2. With another brand launch short films, people may be bored with this type of tactics and make not that much improvement in brand image. 4th Option: move to the next thing While this option may be look like it is more risky but it’s show that BMW as a brand is not just an boring brand but a brand who always defined what can be done which show both in the BMW car and way we market them. Recommendations My recommendation is to use option 1 to spread out movie to draw customer to a improve dealer and see what BMW car really all about but also use option 4 Move to the next thing done something that hasn’t been done before in the long run I select option 1 at the beginning because it can be done very fast and almost without any draw back but it cannot work in the long run. Most people who want to see the movie will see it already. How can we make a progress from this very good brand image? We need to make sure that we communicate to more people what make BMW a BMW It’s something that consistent with our brand image. We can’t just do the same thing over and over again then call our brand â€Å"exciting edgier and youthful† it is inconsistency which bad for BMW brand image. Especially when your target is highly-educated, bright and affluent person they will see that BMW is about doing the same thing which is not what we want to do. Let others do it make competitor follow us that way our brand look like leader not a follower the same for BMW owners. From demographic of people who watch BMW films we can see that the average age is younger and because of that their average salary is lower. I saw this as an opportunity to make them BMW owners. Now they want to own BMW but they can’t, they have to buy from other brand which mean we loss customers not only for that car but it’s possible that we may lost that customer forever. From data we know that most of BMW owner will stick with BMW I would like to make an entry level car for customers who want a driving experience which they cannot get from other car in the market. We can show that BMW can do something that other can’t, we will make new coupe for young manager who want to experience the â€Å"ultimate driving experience† that other cannot give them. Price of this new car which I will call it â€Å"BMW 1-series†, the smallest car BMW will ever make, the base car will be the same as competitors while we can add another optional extra to increase on the road price of the car. Currently (in 2002) Lexus still didn’t have coupe car and Mercedes A-class isn’t well accepted since they have problem about the car will be overturn when you change direction so suddenly (eventually they have to recall). We will start new category which is luxury sport coupe and make it work this time. We can make profit from this car because of additional extra normally are fitted to another BMW, we don’t need money to develop new technology for that. Another thing that we can do the sport version like BMW M1 which will show if you willing to pay more how much faster you can go compare to normal version. This will make profit especially when we look at life time value of customer when they age is increasing their salary will be increase too. They will move from 1-series to 3-series and then when they have family they can move to BMW X5. The new BMW 1-series must be represent what BMW is all about â€Å"what make a BMW a BMW†. When other coupe are focus on folding seat and space inside car, BMW 1-series while we still need to have folding seat but main focus will be on the driving experience. Normally in Japanese or European coupe are front wheel drives which make driving is boring. BMW 1-series should be rear wheel drive and have higher horse power compare to competitors. We can advertise this car as a ultimate driving coupe, the only coupe that care about how you get to the place you want to go. Not just that but we still need to focus on another part which we still need to focus on it is luxuries. This is not easy we need to control cost to make the price low enough so it’s lower than BMW 3 series but still have performance and luxuries that consistent with BMW brand image. To make a car more luxury we didn’t have to put everything in a car what we need to do is put something that make a car more civilize such as good air-conditioner and radio as a standard we didn’t have to put something that customer in this market segment is consider important such as vibrate seat or cruise control as standard. We still have all of that option as optional extra if customer want it you can add it to car at a price. Some may argue that BMW series 1 will reduce prestige of BMW brand and that happen to Mercedes when they launch the A-Class. We can prevent that by make sure that the new BMW 1 series meet the standard that our brand has been doing all along. Start from the look and feel of the car, it still need to look sport that’s the reason why I am focus on coupe instead of hatch back which have image of cheap car. Another thing that shouldn’t be forgot is the build quality including quality of material that we use in the car from plastic console to rubber seal that use to make sure that noise from outside won’t come in to the car. If we do it properly consistent with our brand value we will improve our image since we can do something that our competitor can’t. We introduce â€Å"ultimate driving experience† to more people and we do that in the price that younger generation can’t resist. Another argument that may arise is this new BMW 1 series cannibalize 3 series. They won’t because the difference is not only price but it is also difference in size and power. If you want to buy mid-size sedan, which what 3 series is in, you can’t buy BMW 1 series since it’s smaller and power that it have also lower too. Since 1 series design as a coupe you will only get 2 seat not four it is more suitable for young people who still didn’t have children which from average age of bmwfilms. com visitor profile there will be market for this car that is not cannibalize BMW 3 series. Some may ask how about Z3 roadster is this new 1 series cannibalize it that is impossible because of price different and Z3 is a roadster which have different target customer. Exhibits Chart 1 : BMW Defection to all makes (4Q,2000) Chart 2 : BMW Defection to competition in luxury segment (4Q,2000) Chart 3 : BMWfilms. com visitor profile Median Income| $ 88,000| Total Visitors register| 1,981,049| Opted in for email update| 1,170,953| Voluntarily responded to survey | 41,411| Recommended films to others| 94%| Want to see more films| 88%| Chart 4 : BMW customer base Vs the competition

my hawaiin side essays

my hawaiin side essays Ive been many places in my life of 18 years. Ive done many things, seen many people. I participate in family functions, am involved with the State Tribes Tournament team (gamebb.com/stt/), and have been involved with numerous other clubs and teams. Basketball, soccer, chess, tennis; you name it, Ive probably done it. I traveled frequently with my parents until age 12, when I was old enough to say I was tired of it. There was one place I hadnt been, however, one place I wanted to go to. It was Hawaii. Ever since I was little, I always turned my parents down when they gave me the opportunity to go to Hawaii. I made up some stupid excuse, none of which I can remember. I dont know why I did it, either. My fathers side of the family has all lived there at one time or another, and not seeing what could have shaped my current family in my current opinion was asinine on my part. Why didnt I go to find this? That all changed, however, in the summer of 1999, when I visited Hawaii for the first time. One thing interested me very much, and I have chosen to write this paper after it. It is the Hawaiian monarchy. I didnt know it until my later years, but my aunt was a caretaker at Queen Emmas Palace on Oahu. Many people are interested in this, a group in fact, and I am one of them. No, I dont belong to any formal membership-type groups about this subject, but rather like to learn about it on my own. Being an introvert by nature, I appreciate this. I remember visiting Queen Emmas palace on Oahu with my parents. We drove up in our rental car, a Ford Taurus I believe, and I was amazed to see how small the palace was. It was no bigger than two classrooms, with a new gift shop added to the side. We entered the palace, and were stunned to find not Hawaiian-style furnishings, but rather traditional Victorian dcor. I was captivated. I had n...

How to Write (almost) a Million Words A Year

How to Write (almost) a Million Words A Year I just failed at my writing goal for a second year in a row. I wanted to write a million words in a year. In 2017, I wrote 927,000 words, up from 900,750 in 2016.Some might not see that as a failure. So how do I get to a yearly word count that many writers think impossible?Put in the TimeWork ethic is more important than talent. Writing is my day job, and I work 50+ hours a week. For those who have other day jobs, slip in time whenever you can. Write before your family gets up in the morning. Write on the bus. Write after everyone goes to sleep. Snatch fifteen minutes here, half an hour there. You’ll be amazed how quickly it adds up.It’s a Matter of MathAt the start of my career, a prolific writer gave me the best advice I’ve ever heard. She said, â€Å"If you write a page a day,

, discuss methods to evaluate the effectiveness of your proposed Essay

, discuss methods to evaluate the effectiveness of your proposed solution and variables to be assessed when evaluating project outcomes - Essay Example ng utilized across the nation with both open and private immunization suppliers and is proposed by legislative and nongovernmental immunization projects and medicinal expert social orders. Assessment alludes to the assessment of restorative records to determine the immunization rate for a characterized assembly of patients and also to give focused on conclusion for development. This step is crucial in light of the fact that numerous studies have recorded that most social insurance suppliers, while strong of immunizations, dont have a faultless recognition of their own practices immunization rates. Pediatricians in these studies incredibly overestimated the extent of completely vaccinated youngsters in their practices. Evaluation increments attentiveness to a suppliers genuine situation and gives a premise for ensuing activities by supplier staff. Feedback is the methodology of educating immunization suppliers about their execution in conveying one or more immunizations to a characterized customer populace. Appraisal together with feedback makes the mindfulness important for conduct change. Feedback for the most part comprises of the immunization program delegate meeting with fitting supplier staff and talking about the effects of the appraisal to figure out the following steps to be taken. Nobody thing will be adequate for each supplier, and a solitary supplier may require diverse sorts of cause at distinctive phases of advancement. Things like little tokens of thankfulness and giving asset materials at gatherings have helped suppliers approach their assignment absolutely and make an environment of cooperation, yet more term objectives must be acknowledged also. Incentives represent a test to the inventiveness of the project agent additionally offer the chance to attempt new plans. The last AFIX segment, trade of information, runs as an inseparable unit with incentives. The more information suppliers have about their practices immunization scope status, how it

English 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

English 2 - Essay Example The essay will include a possible solution of bringing healthy restaurant that will encourage healthy eating to avoid obesity and overweight problems amongst students. In the last three decades, Sale of fast foods in University restaurants has increased dramatically. Fast foods from retailers such as McDonald and taco bell are served school restaurants in most colleges and universities. Junk food and sweetened drinks are what most students at University of Colorado depend on. Most of them do so due to lack of other options. Snacks such as fries and burgers are very popular amongst students. Lack of healthy alternatives in the school restaurants make most students turn to eating junk food without considering the side effects (â€Å"Havard University† Web). There are several risks associated with eating fast foods, which comprise of junks and snacks. The fast foods have high level of calories in addition to excess fat. The major risk is increase in cases of obesity and overweight. Overweight is associated with other problems such as low self-esteem amongst student, which can affect their academic performance. Additionally, being overweight exposes student to other disorders such as heart problems and high blood pressure. Studies have shown that food with high levels of fat slow down blood flow since they lead to accumulation of bad cholesterol in the body (â€Å"Harvard University† Web). There is need for introduction of restaurants that will offer healthier foods to curb cases of obesity and overweight amongst students at University of Colorado. Having an organic restaurant at University of Colorado would improve the food environment for the students. The best option would be opening of organic restaurant to offer foods with adequate nutritional value without risking the health of the students. Other than offering sweetened drinks, organic restaurants would

Animal Testing Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing Essay In this topic, I will show animal testing. Animal testing is a part of our everyday life. Do you know that many of the products around us and use everyday are still tested on animals? However, many people complain about using animals testing, and they argue animals have life right. People produce a new medicine or cosmetics. But the new product needs to be tested what will affect humans. If the new product wont be tested on animals, who will volunteer for new product testing? I think nobody wants to do it. Animal testing saves our lives. Animal testing is necessary for many reasons. A lot of animals are used for experimentation every year. For example: white mice, dog, rabies, and monkey. Without them we dont know if a product is safe to use or not. Animal testing is important because it provides an excellent insight into the complex interactions within a biological system that no existing alternative can provide. Humans and animals alike share many of the same basic biological processes and interaction (Jason,1996). We need to understand animal testing; it is helpful to be aware of different kinds of research conducted on animals and engage in testing. The story Animal Experimentation Is Ethical by Derbyshire, he agrees animal experimentation is necessary. He says: the best hopes to treat or cure any number of diseases all rely on current animal experiments(Derbyshire, 2006 pg 11). Animal testing improves our safety and increases our knowledge of nature and can therefore increase the possibilities for human action, advancing the cause of human freedom. Also, his consensus has formed regarding the three Rs: refinement, reduction, and replacement are defined. The three Rs is importance and advantages of alternatives to animal testing methods are mentioned. Successful promotion of animal research can only begin when we withdraw support for the three Rs. On the other hand in the story Animal Have Rights by Tom Regan, the author argues that non-human animals have the same rights as humans do because animal are similar rational and emotional beings. He contends that viewing animals as inferior constitutes specialism, a prejudice similar to sexism and racism. Furthermore, he claims that treating animals equally fosters individual growth and helps society become more compassionate. Regan (1997) says using animals for testing is a wrong way. It is wrong to treat weaker human beings, especially those who are lacking in normal human intelligence, as tools or renewable resources or models or commodities. It cannot be right, therefore, to treat other animals as if they were tools, models and the like (Regan,1997 pg 21). Animal testing is a part of everyday life. From the shampoos and conditioners that consumers buy to medicines that patients receive, many everyday products are tested on animals. Hampton (2010) says the new products testing is difference between humans and animals. Companies test the new products on animal protect people safety; people can buy the safe products and couldnt hurt them. Companies test on animals to ensure their products are safe not just for profit (Hampton,2010). Animal testing has advanced human welfare and animal testing is necessary. Ranganatha (2012) information is given about the institutions researching alternatives to animal testing and resources available to assist in searching for alternatives are listed. Ethical considerations on the alternative methods are also discussed. It is concluded that much greater effort should be put into overcoming the barriers to the acceptance of replacement alternatives which currently limit the contributions they have to make toward greater humanity and better biomedical science (Ranganatha, 2012). Animal testing can help save human lives. Some animal testing is done to promote a product or to understand the effects of those products. Anonymous (2012) without animal testing first, nobody know whether it is safe for someone to take a new drug or use an improved anesthetic. Researchers may start to use the small flies, if the products havent happen wrong thing, then move up to mice or rabbits and then up to animals much like ourselves. The new products are safety they might test on human volunteers try it, and see the side result. The new products havent killed any animals or people yet, they will sell the new products to the market (Anonmous, 2012). PIR Partners Research (2008) Consumers demand and have a right to expect that the products they depend upon are safe if used properly. They also need reassurance that physicians can save victims in case of accident. Currently, the only way to guarantee these protections is through knowledge gained from animal testing( PIR Partners R esearch, 2008 pg 33). Animal testing is a good way to protect consumers able to use these new products to help them with their illness and even save some of their lives. Without animal testing we dont know if a product is safe to use or not . PIR Partners Research (2008) animal testing has helped people using safe products of the important ways. For example: the company produce the baby food and victims, before the use animal testing and the researcher to resolve the problem that might be caused by a drug or product. It is the first test step. The results were sometimes tragic. The researcher would make sure the products is safe. Many parent hope and have right to expect that the product that they believe on are safe if used properly. Today the only way to guarantee these protection is through knowledge gained from animal testing. ( PIR Partners Research, 2008). Animal experimentation is necessary to ensure product safety. The government requires that the new drugs be tested on animals before sale to market. On the other hand, the computer testing cannot substitute for animal testing . George Poste suggests (2006) although present-day technology cannot yet replace many types of animal research, the research community is committed to finding new ways to reduce and replace animal testing. This ethical commitment is embodied in strict animal welfare protocols at most university, government and industrial laboratories(Poste,2006). Today animal testing is only because of animal experimentation. If the new drugs are only test in a computer lad, who is first able to use them? Kyle(2007) lab animals are also used to help train doctors and veterinarians to be able to practice doing operations before doing the operation on a person. All of these tests work because, according to the BBC website there are No differences between lab animal and humans that cant be factored into tests. (Kyle, 2007). Many of the people who oppose animal testing believe that replacement should be used in these test. If the new product wont be tested on animals, who will volunteer for new product testing. Naik (2011) if some of people oppose animal testing, who would like to volunteer for new products testing. I think nobody wants to do it. The people who against it and say is unjust for animals, also they say animals are equal to people. If the company produces a new medicine or cosmetic. Researchers dont test on animal at the first, they look for some volunteers to test on the new products. I think nobody wants to test at the first. (Nail, 2011). Many people suggest new products test on Syrian hamster embryos(SHE). On the other hand, Partners Research (2008) computer data banks allow for the reduction of test duplication. They are also useful in the initial evaluation of chemicals slated for further study; unsuitable chemicals can be eliminated from consideration prior to the institution of animal testing. But computers can only process and store existing knowledge, much of which has come from animal studies. Animal testing is needed to expand that knowledge base (Partners Research, 2008). Animal testing cannot separate with new technology, too. People produce a new medicine or cosmetics. But the new product have to be test for what will affect for humans. Kyle (2007) says that animal testing is a well regulated method to improve the safety of products and to help develop life saving medicines, for which there are no alternatives. This is currently the only way to test many products and must continue to be used to ensure our safety (Kyle,2007). Researchers want to discover the products information. The information is collected and used to make assumptions about how the products will work on humans and how the products might affect humans. In conclusion, animal testing based on scientific result, it is given us a lot of safe products. The scientific community has been successful in reducing the number of animals used in safety testing, as well as in refining test methods to reduce any pain or distress these animals may experience. The new medicine or cosmetics are always tested on animals first. The new products if safe might be tested on people, try it and see the result. Today, many companies use animal and lab computers to test new products. However, animal testing would find out more detail information and dont hurt people. Animal testing is safe for our live. This is currently the only way to test many products and must continue to be used to ensure our safety.

Poverty Vs. The Economy Essay -- Poor Poverty Economics Essays

Poverty vs. The Economy Poverty is a lack of goods and services necessary to maintain a minimal adequate standard of living. The definition of the term adequate varies, however, with the general standard of living in a society and with public attitudes toward deprivation. No university accepted definition of basic needs exists because poverty is a relative concept. In poorer countries it means living at the brink of subsistence, while in our country few improvised families confront starvation, although many suffer from undernourishment. A key issue in the area of poverty is inequality. Inequality has been a problem in all societies. No society distributes income evenly. Despite all the conceptual and technical problems of measurement, the government has devised a widely cited poverty index that reflects the different consumption requirements of families depending on their size and composition, on the sex and age of the family head, and on weather they live in rural or urban areas. Based on past surveys, the designers of the poverty index determined that families of three or more person spend approximately one-third of their income on food. Thus, the poverty level for these families was, therefore, set at three times the cost of the economy food plan. For smaller families and persons living alone, the cost of the economy food plan was multiplied by higher factors in order to compensate for the larger fixed expenses of smaller households. The poverty thresholds are updated every year to reflect changes in the consumer price index but overall rises in standard of living. (levington, page 147) Another issue is that the poverty index has several flaws. First, it does not allow for regional variations in the cost of living or for higher costs in the central city areas, where many of the poor are concentrated. Second, the flood costs for the budget were designed for temporary or emergence use and are thus inadequate for a perment diet because they provide only the barest subsistence. Finally, the government statistics fall to take into consideration nonmonetary benefits and assets in determining the number of poor. If these were counted, the numbers in the official poverty ranks would be reduced. The growing gap between the poverty level and median family income demonstrates the inaccuracy of adjusting a poverty level for price ... ...easy. Birth control and maternal care, designed to give children a better start in life, also leave the mother in a better position to become economically self sufficient or, at least, contribute to her own support. Similarly, the difference between cash subsides and rehabilitative programs is often blurred, for instance, stipends are necessary for the poor if they are to complete an effective training program. These various strategies for helping the poor complement each other. Not only must today's poverty be alleviated through cash and in-and aid, but steps must be taken to reduce it in the future by better preparing young people and by giving the poor a better chance in the job market. Bibliography Fitchen,Janet M.(1981). Poverty and Rural America New York,York: Random house Publishing Company. Jansson, Bruce S. (1988). The Reluctant Welfare State, A History of Amercians Social Welfare Policies. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Katz, Michael B. (1990) The Undeserving Poor the War on Poverty to the war on Welfare, New York, New York. Levitan, Sar A. And Shapiro, Issac. (1987), Working But Poor. New York, New York: The free Press.

Australia’s Economic Objective of Resource Allocation Essay

The objective of efficient resource allocation refers to an economy’s ability to meet its obligations in ensuring that all social and economic objectives are met without waste, for example to allocate resources so that they are distributed efficiently to improve the standard or living. This is the only way that we can ensure that we will be able to maximize the number of goods and services that we are able to provide. In addition, we will also be more likely to guarantee the long term availability of the resources that are currently available to us. The current target for efficiency target concerning labor is 1.5-2% per year or more. Thus, the economic objective of efficiency in resource allocation exists when our productive inputs are used to create the highest possible value of national output (ie GDP is at its highest level). In turn, having more G&S available helps to ensure the maximum satisfaction of our society’s needs and wants. In Economics, we distinguish between four different types of efficiency:1.Productive (or Technical) efficiency: Is about firms producing G&S using the least-cost method and by minimizing the quantity of resources used. This is perhaps the easiest type of efficiency to understand. In this instance, we are interested in ensuring that any time we produce a good or service we are able to do so by using the smallest number of resources. If I use a tree to make four cricket bats, and you can produce five cricket bats from a tree of the same size, then your productive efficiency is better than mine. Another example is also sometimes a higher level of investment spending by firms on new equipment rather than simply employing more staff is the cheapest way to lift output per worker. 2.Allocative efficiency: ensures that resources are only used to make those particular types of G&S that best satisfy society’s needs and wants. That is, we want to produce those things most desired by the community first. This is a problem experienced by many of the world’s poorer countries,  especially those which suffer from poor governance. Corrupt leaders will often use a countries scarce resources to provide elaborate palaces, rather than ensuring that their people have access to clean drinking water. This is very poor allocative efficiency. 3.Dynamic efficiency: entails that firms are able to respond quickly to changing economic circumstances. To be dynamically efficient means that firms are aware of the changing circumstances, and they are able to adapt to meet those new needs and tastes of customers. For example, as technology has improved, many businesses have elected to adopt computers. This has involved buying the hardware, choosing the correct software and training the staff. In going through this process, the firm is demonstrating their dynamic efficiency. 4.Inter-temporal efficiency: means that there is a suitable balance between resources being allocated towards current consumption and saving that becomes available to finance future investment. Causes of efficiency of resource allocation:Cyclical changes in domestic economic activity resulting from changes in demand side conditions that affect efficiency in resource allocation. Supply side structural causes of changes in labor in lobular and capital productivity. Demand Side CYCLICAL FactorsIf levels of AD and EA slow leading to a recession (due to weak demand-side conditions like drops in business confidence/consumer), labor efficiency can suffer for at least 4 reasons. 1.Firms are reluctant to sack experienced staff during a slowdown of sales, as they hope that recovery is not far away and thus save them the cost of hiring and training new staff. This leads to over staffing which lowers the level of output per hour worked. 2.Prolonged or severe cyclical recessions in EA causes higher cyclical  unemployment as staff are cut in numbers, slowing down efficiency rates because more of labor resources are idle. 3.Business confidence about sales and profits, once down, can partly cause recession. This causes the firm to cut investment on new P&E with new technology, consequently productivity slows. 4.Cyclical slowdown in domestic productivity sometimes follows trends in the level of EA and productivity overseas. Productivity also slows when there is an inflationary boom following cyclical rises in the level of domestic economic activity. This is true when the growth in AD exceeds the economoy’s productive capacity. Productivity may slow down in this situation. 1. Workers may not work as hard as they feel secure in the jobs when the economy is stretched to its capacity. Abseentisms can rise, along with strikes and industrial unrest, cutting efficiency. 2. When the economy is at its full capacity, there can be diminishing returns resulting from equipment breakdowns, labor shortages, leading to less efficient natural, labor and capital resources. 3. Rapid inflation can undermine business confidence, leading to reduced investment in new technology and equipment, slowing efficiency. 4. Investment used for expanding the business through plant & equipment can be pumped into less productive or more speculative areas (eg real estate and stock market activities.) This is a mis allocation of resources that slows down productivity. So, when EA is weak due to reduced level of AD, productivity falls due to pessimism, reduced investment, unemployed resources, and labor hoarding. However, at the opposite extreme, excessively strong spending and EA means that productivity suffers from the above reasons. Productivity is likely to be maximized when AD and domestic EA are at ideal levels and demand side conditions are positive but are neither too weak nor too strong. Business Confidence – Optimism of business (eg ^ consumer confidence, ^ household disposable incomes) has a cyclical impact on efficiency. This results in the business investing in new equipment with latest technology, leading to the worker having a greater value/amount of machinery to use in the production process than previously (capital deepening), thus raises theh level of GDP per hour worked. Interest Rates – Higher business overdraft means that firms are more reluctant to borrow in order to purchase new, more efficient plant equipment due to increased repayments. Investment thus is reduced and productivity slows. Company Tax Rates – Impacts the level of the firm’s investment spending. Reduced tax rates increased investment spending and better productivity. Supply Side Structural FactorsSupply factors are far more significant than demand factors when we are considering the impact that certain events will have on our ability to allocate our resources efficiently. If you think about this for a moment it is logical – supply factors are those things that affect the ability and willingness of producers to supply a good or service at a given price. When the US economy experiences an increase in AG, we should see an increase in output without any pressure on productive capacity that may result in inflation. This is a sign that resources are being allocated more efficiently. As a result, we can conclude that any factor that will lead to an increase in aggregate supply will also lead to a more efficient allocation of resources. For example during the 1990s the Australian economy saw the introduction of technology on a larger scale. This improvement in capital assets, combined with the necessary support in the form of training for the workforce, resulted in significant improvements in productivity, showing that resources were allocated more efficiently. Climatic conditions – Drought and below average rainfall (2002-03 – 06-07), floods, cyclones (coastal Northern QLD 2006) impacted efficiency in resource allocation because national output is reduced far more than the volume of inputs of labor or capital resources. Drought also had an impact in the efficiency in water, gas and electricity sectors that is, the same labor inputs have been used but less output has been produced. Sporting events (Before and After) – Events like the Sydney Olympics (2000) and Melb’s Commonwealth Games (06) may have helped in slowing productivity. Studies show during these events that worker efficiency fell perhaps due to distractions and telecasts and worker fatigue from watching TV replays at night. Changing rates of investment in new technology – Investment spending on new P&E like ICT and robotics occurs in waves or cycles, that is, speeds up or slows down. After the flurry of robotics, electronics and computer and internet based technologies in the mid-late 1990s, many recent innovations have been far less significant, tending to slow efficiency. However fairly recent spending on R&D as a proportion of GDP from 1.51 to 1.78% b/w 200-1 and 2004-05 is a sign that US productivity will rise again. BIBLIOGRAPHY www.abs.gov.auMorris, Economics Down Under 2nd Edition

Groupthink and Risky Shift Phenomenon Essay

Groupthink phenomenon continues to exist and influence in a group decision making. This is especially happen when group cohesiveness is high and there is an absence of open communication. However, understanding the theory would enable us to recognize the factors that may affect the quality of decisions we made in the group. Risky-shift on the other hand, exists as a form of motivation with a perspective of a shared responsibility of taking the risky decision. It is generally accepted that this risky-shift influence by cultural value in which individual is motivated to choose the riskier alternative to increase group or society status. Understanding risky-shift enables us to reduce the magnitude of pressure of which the risk has to bring as imbedded in every decision made during uncertainties. In addition, group interaction is very important in the process of decision-making whereby individual opinion and ideas is valued. It is also in this way that individual will learn to stand his position in certain decision-making procedure. It maybe be difficult and challenging since individual will share different ideas and inputs, exchange opinions and contrary views, yet in the process develop alternatives to the solution in problem solving which reflects a good group decision-making. Overall, these sociological phenomenon and perspective allow us to identify attributes that may control and limit the development of best alternative in solving problem and issues. Finally, a clear understanding of the elements of these theories will enable members to recognised symptoms within a faulty group decision-making and draw the best alternative course of action from the group. This paper is going to provide insights on the case of Yellow Auto Company in term of the critical decision in the sociological perspective area such as the Groupthink and Risky-shift phenomenon. Introduction Group decision-making sometimes falls into the typical group norm which oftentimes leads to failure. This happens usually because of the idea of group cohesion and valuing the need for belongingness in the group. Janis (1972) defines it as a deliberate action of an individual group member to conform to the decision of the group to keep the harmony. The reason behind is to avoid clashes and come up with a solution without being critical during a group decision-making process. In addition to the need of individual for belonging, group tendency to transfer the risk to group members allow the group to choose the riskier alternative. It usually, emerges from a faulty organizational structure and communication perspective which oftentimes results a high probability of failure. The Yellow Auto Company was a well-known global car company in India. The company is own and manage by the family where the structure is hierarchical in which line managers and employee has no autonomy in terms of decision making. There is an obvious high cohesion within the members of the decision making body and this is described as unwritten rules of the company which is mostly in the minds of the family members. When the top managers of the Yellow Auto Company, notice the decreasing job satisfaction and commitment of their employees, they decided to invest on their development. Even though, there was an existing economic crisis in the country, the group decided pursuit with their plans in investing in human resource with the assistance of external consultant. This report will utilize the sociological perspective to critically analyse these significant issue and the make recommendation to an effective group decision-making. The Groupthink phenomenon The most critical decision that the Yellow Auto Company have done was the decision of hiring and working with external consultant. Since the company was owned and manage by the family, its group structure is assumed to have high group cohesiveness and lack of critical discussion procedures. Janis (1972) exerts that group with high cohesiveness encourages conformity to its norms and without adequate decision procedures which is a condition of groupthink will tend to result to a poor decision (Callaway & Esser, 1984). In this case the family who runs the company shares common purposes and interests, that gives them a sense of security resulting to a shared illusion of invulnerability (Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, & Currie, 2003a). This is further describe in the case where most of the rules are unwritten and in the minds of the family members which is a characteristic of group conformity (Teale, et al. , 2003a) and where employees did not have much autonomy in decision making. This conformity of individual to adapt the decision of group members (Gerring, Zimbardo, Campbell, Cumming, & Wilkes, 2012), tends to suppressed individual critical thinking to avoid being ridiculed and being question on their loyalty. The structure of communication process was described as hierarchical where agenda can readily be manipulated and directed by pressure of group conformity which reflects self-censorship (Teale, et al. , 2003a). The top managers and owner who make the dominant decision for the organization (Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, & Currie, 2003b) may result to a limited quality of the decision as described by Simon as ‘bounded rationality’ (Tolbert & Hall, 2008). As a result of this limitation the group could only identify and provide less alternative course of action to the problem than in groups where participation is encourage (Carrie, 2010). In addition, the absence of critical thinking in group discussion may devoid individual of their potentials to contribute mportant information necessary of the group (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). In this scenario, the manager may cause other members to follow whatever personal view (Janis, 1972) he may have which is a groupthink perspective characterized by a high level of confidence and lack of disagreement from group members(Callaway & Esser, 1984). However, when the top managers realized the need for experts to manage change process in human resource which reflect task-oriented group (Teale, et al. , 2003a) shows a positive group structure which characterised an effective group decision. Inviting outside expert is a criterion to prevent the groupthink phenomena, allowing independent group to work on the same problem and assess the organizations. When top managers, line managers and employees decided to work and cooperate with external consultant, it bridges the gap and opens the communication between managers and employees. This communication process, allows members of the group to provides unreserved feedbacks to reduce and unveil the hidden and unknown areas as described in Johari Window as information keep to avoid conflict and concealed potential and unrecognized skills(Teale, et al. 2003a). In addition it allows group members to contribute in the development of high-quality decision which is a characteristic of consensus perspective (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). The occurrence of open communication between managers and employees display an active cooperation of the group, which is a characteristic for an effective implementation of a decision(Amason, 1996). This intermediate cohesiveness(Callaway & Esser, 1984) produces high quality decision which builds mutual respect, acceptable culture and shared direction in the achievement of organizational goal. This is a reflection of process-oriented group (Teale, et al. , 2003a) skills where group interaction uses cooperative listening and other social skills to produce a common understanding and getting the job done. Overall, this changes and action of top managers towards their employee builds a mutual commitment for a successful implementation of the decision as described by Guth and Macmillan (Amason, 1996). The Risky-shift phenomenon Most often the group will chose a riskier alternative than decision made by individual (Burnstein, 1969; Stoner, 1968), whereby members of the groups ends to decide differently about perceived risk when they are alone. Some of the many reasons why it might happen include diffusion of responsibility where emotion bonds exist. In this case, the relationship of the family who runs the company, may have the tendency to reduce apprehension and perceived the risk as shared (Wallach, Kogan, & Bem, 1964). Group members would take a risky alternative with the fee ling of less personal responsibility for the negative consequences of such a decision(Forsyth, 1990) and less likelihood of being blamed. It is also a way for individual to easily hide within the group when making contributions to a group discussion and speak only when expected that the group would agree as described by a spiral-of-silence logic (Packer, 2009) whereby individuality is restricted by other people’s opinion. In addition, the top managers and owner of the company cooperation with the external consultant allows the sharing of responsibility to members of the risk which minimizes blaming in case of failure of decision(Clark, 1971). As a result, the decision will most likely be riskier, as they share the risk and relatively make individual felt risk less. Another probability for the risky-shift to exist is the leadership influence(Clark, 1971) over the group. High risk-taker will persuade others to take greater risks(Collins & Guetzkow, 1964) because of their aggressiveness and commitment in the pursuit of their objective which in this case the top manager and owner. The top managers and owner personal and direct involvement in the company and in the discussion (Forsyth, 1990) will have the tendency to influence the group members. This is further supported by Brown (1965) who asserts that status in the group is often connected with risk-taking, which oftentimes made the group chose the riskier alternative. In this case scenario, the decision of investing in human resource despite the prevailing financial economic crisis is a perceived risk yet the group chose to proceed with the plan perhaps because of the influence that the owner have over the group. This is further explored by Bateson (1966) who asserts that as individual become familiar with the problem will tend to advocate more risky alternative. A group interaction will significantly contributes in the amiliarization perspective(Kogan & Wallach, 1967) which allow members of the group to known and be comfortable with risk at hand (Clark, 1971). This group interaction opens the discussion and information exchange towards possible alternative during a risky decision-making. Perhaps the most widely recognized reason of a risky-shift is the cultural value in itself. In the group or in the society situation most individuals choose a riskier decision in order to increase their status in the group. Clark (1971) exerts that diffusion-of-responsibility, leadership influence and familiarization, is dependent upon the relevant content of the risk. In the case of Yellow Auto Company which the structure management is hierarchical, the top manager and owner have wider scope of activities and concern of the company’s status. Given the current situation of the company in which employee become less committed and unsatisfied in their job, decided to mitigate the issue through investing in human resource development and seek assistance from external consultant. This is probably to ensure that they are relatively blameless in the event of company failure and protect their status as well-know global car company. The economic crisis will not only entails the company or family societal status but will also cost them particularly on monetary budget allocation and the length of time to implement and evaluate the result and progress as the external consultant do their job. Perhaps the most common action plan during this time of economic crisis is cost cutting or reduction of employee. Another probability would be that the company will try to maximize their internal workforce or perhaps freeze job hiring rather than spending too much on outsourced hiring. However the group has made this risky-shift as a display of good decision making by their unwavering determination to reach its main aim of customer satisfaction and to achieve its goal to increase share in the market. The attitude of the top managers of being less cautious or less conservative in its orientation towards decision making (Hong, 1978) made it possible for them to reach their the goal. Their participation and cooperation with external consultant is a manifestation of an effective group decision. This group interaction opens an avenue for change process and ultimately results to the attainment of the desired goal. The acceptance of top managers on working with external consultants reflects criteria of compromise decision making, whereby allowing members of the group to freely discuss and present individual and collective ideas and opinion for the common good of the company. This action creates a positive motivation towards job satisfaction of employee (Nemioff & King, 1975) which is described in the case in the later part where employee shows job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This is an indication of an effective group decision making whereby members of the group participate in the implementation of the decision (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Conclusion These are only few of the many sociological phenomenons that influence a group decision making, especially when group cohesiveness is high and there is an absence of open communication. Groupthinks reduce individuality in a group discussion while risky-shift enable individual to conform with the group in order to increase group status. Understanding these theories would enable the group to recognize the factors that may affect the quality of decisions we made in the group. It also reduces the magnitude of pressure in which the risk has to bring in every decision made during uncertainties. In addition, group communication is very important in the process of decision-making whereby individual is able to express their opinion and ideas. It is also in this way that individual contribution is valued and will learn to stand his position in certain decision-making procedure. It may be difficult and challenging because of individual different views but the process will develop alternatives in problem solving which reflects a good group decision-making. Overall, understanding these sociological phenomenon and perspective allow us to identify attributes that may control and limit the development of best alternative in solving problem and issues. Recommendation To avoid the pitfall of groupthink and risky-shift sociological perspective it is recommended that 1. Each members of the group that is to include the leader or manager should value the presence and idea of each members of the group 2. Leaders and managers should be sensitive enough to avoid the effects of groupthink by refraining from using their power and influence over the group. 3. Leaders and managers should refrain from persuading members of the group in their own idea. 4. Group members should in times take the role of a critical evaluator and this should be allowed by the group to speak his doubts on the decision. 5. A separate group should be created to work with the same problem. 6. Finally, a good communication between group members combined with a deeper understanding would bring success and less probability of failure in the decision.

Curriculum essay

Curriculum essay Curriculum essay Curriculum essayTeaching students with intellectual disabilities (ID) evokes considerable difficulties in face of educators, who have to develop effective methods and strategies that can facilitate the learning of students. However, students with ID often face difficulties with the adequate perception of instructions and proper response to them. This is why often educators should elaborate new methods, which are more sophisticated but more effective compared to conventional methods used in conventional classrooms.Interactive features and anchored instructions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interactive features and anchored instructions involve the use of the equipment and software, which allow students with ID respond to the stimulus used by educators in the course of instructions to evoke the target response from students. Interactive features and anchored instructions contribute to the better interaction between educators and students.   In addition, this method help s students to develop responsiveness to external stimuli and interact with their environment.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, this method may confront the problem of the poor response of students with ID in interactive features, if they have problems with the perception of those visual means or cannot focus their attention on those features.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, this problem may be resolved through active physical and active prompting which will encourage students to stay focused on the interactive features and learning. Educators can help students with ID to focus on specific features and provide prompts that will help students to learn and understand instructions and respond to interactive features in the target way and, thus, learn instructions or develop target skills.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Costs of the implementation of interactive features and anchored instructions may be high since the modern equi pment and software are needed, but effects of using this method outweigh its costs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of interactive features and anchored instructions can bring positive outcomes in terms of socialization as students with ID learn to interact with media and educators and develop skills, which can help them to develop their social interaction with other students, their peers and other people.Closed captioning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Closed captioning is another method that can be used to teach students with ID. This method involves the use of closed captions to provide prompts, when students with ID are watching video, clips and other visual materials (Fey 531). Such visual prompts help them to catch main points and understand instructions and educator’s messages better that facilitate their learning.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, closed captions imply the presence of relatively well-develo ped reading skills, which is not always the case of students with ID. In addition, students with ID may have difficulties to focus their attention on closed captions, while they are watching some video, for example.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Costs of using closed captions are relatively low, if the equipment and software used for visual presentations and watching video materials in the course of instructions are already available to educators. In fact, they only need to add closed captions that require basic skills of using free software and media available to them. For example, even YouTube offers an opportunity to make closed captions. Therefore, educators will just need some time to make closed captions without investing substantial costs into the practical application of this method.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outcomes of using this method are positive because closed captions help students with ID to focus on specific points and single out main points in video clips and other visual means, which they watch in the course of the instructions (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer 118). In such a way, students learn to focus their attention on specific issues, make generalization and distinguish key points.Picture-based symbols  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of picture-based symbols method implies the use of pictures that back up textual information or other instructions by means of developing close associations between the studied item and the image on the picture. For example, a student with ID, who learns to write, can associate the letter ‘A’ with apple. Attaching the picture of the apple to the letter will develop close association in student and he/she will memorize the letter through association with the apple (Hunt Marshall 185). Therefore, this method develops associative thinking and helps students to learn new items through picture-based associations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚   However, the drawback of this method is its inapplicability to complex instructions, when educators are trying to teach students with ID complex issues. For example, it is quite difficult to depict an abstract concept like ‘love’ or ‘peace’ by means of pictures in such a way that a student with ID developed right associations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Costs of this method are low since educators do not need much funds to create pictures to back up instructions, which they are going to deliver during the class to students with ID.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the aforementioned methods have both strengths and weaknesses but educators should be able to apply them in their work with students with ID because, under certain conditions, they can be effective and facilitate the learning process for students. In addition, these methods match current standards aiming at the inclusion of all students in the le arning process because they make instructions comprehensible and available to students and open better educational opportunities for them.

Profile of Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding

Profile of Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding Born April 24, 1882, at Moffat, Scotland, Hugh Dowding was the son of a schoolmaster. Attending St. Ninians Preparatory School as a boy, he continued his education at Winchester College at age 15. After two years of further schooling, Dowding elected to pursue a military career and began classes at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich in September 1899. Graduating the following year, he was commissioned as a subaltern and posted to the Royal Garrison Artillery. Sent to Gibraltar, he subsequently saw service in Ceylon and Hong Kong. In 1904, Dowding was assigned to the No. 7 Mountain Artillery Battery in India. Learning to Fly Returning to Britain, he was accepted for the Royal Staff College and began classes in January 1912. In his spare time, he quickly became fascinated by flying and aircraft. Visiting the Aero Club at Brooklands, he was able to convince them to give him flying lessons on credit. A quick learner, he soon received his flying certificate. With this in hand, he applied to the Royal Flying Corps to become a pilot. The request was approved and he joined the RFC in December 1913. With the outbreak of ​World War I in August 1914, Dowding saw service with Nos. 6 and 9 Squadrons. Dowding in World War I Seeing service at the front, Dowding showed a deep interest in wireless telegraphy which led him to return to Britain in April 1915 to form the Wireless Experimental Establishment at Brooklands. That summer, he was given command of No. 16 Squadron and returned to the fighting until posted to the 7th Wing at Farnborough in early 1916. In July, he was assigned to lead 9th (Headquarters) Wing in France. Taking part in the Battle of the Somme, Dowding clashed with the commander of the RFC, Major General Hugh Trenchard, over the need to rest pilots at the front. This dispute soured their relationship and saw Dowding reassigned to the Southern Training Brigade. Though promoted to brigadier general in 1917, his conflict with Trenchard ensured that he did not return to France. Instead, Dowding moved through various administrative posts for the remainder of the war. In 1918, he moved to the newly created Royal Air Force and in the years after the war led No. 16 and No. 1 Groups. Moving into staff assignments, he was sent to the Middle East in 1924 as the chief staff officer for the RAF Iraq Command. Promoted to air vice marshal in 1929, he joined the Air Council a year later. Building the Defenses On the Air Council, Dowding served as Air Member for Supply and Research and later Air Member for Research and Development (1935). In these positions, he proved instrumental in modernizing Britains aerial defenses. Encouraging the design of advanced fighter aircraft, he also supported the development of new Radio Direction Finding equipment. His efforts ultimately led to the design and production of the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire. Having been promoted to air marshal in 1933, Dowding was selected to lead the newly formed Fighter Command in 1936. Though overlooked for the position of Chief of the Air Staff in 1937, Dowding worked tirelessly to improve his command. Promoted to air chief marshal in 1937, Dowding developed the Dowding System which integrated several air defense components into one apparatus. This saw the uniting of radar, ground observers, raid plotting, and radio control of aircraft. These disparate components were tied together through a protected telephone network that was administered through his headquarters at RAF Bentley Priory. In addition, to better control his aircraft, he divided the command into four groups to cover all of Britain. These consisted of Air Vice Marshal Sir Quintin Brands 10 Group (Wales and the West Country), Air Vice Marshal Keith Parks 11 Group (Southeastern England), Air Vice Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallorys 12 Group (Midland East Anglia), and Air Vice Marshal Richard Sauls 13 Group (Northern England, Scotland, Northern Ireland). Though scheduled to retire in June 1939, Dowding was asked to remain in his post until March 1940 due to the deteriorating international situation. His retirement was subsequently postponed until July and then October. As a result, Dowding remained at Fighter Command as World War II began. The Battle of Britain With the outbreak of World War II, Dowding worked with Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Sir Cyril Newall to ensure that Britains defenses were not weakened in order to support campaigns on the Continent. Stunned by RAF fighter losses during the Battle of France, Dowding warned the War Cabinet of the dire consequences should it continue. With defeat on the Continent, Dowding worked closely with Park to ensure that air superiority was maintained during the Dunkirk Evacuation. As the German invasion loomed, Dowding, known as Stuffy to his men, was viewed as a steady but distant leader. As the Battle of Britain began in the summer of 1940, Dowding worked to ensure adequate aircraft and resources were available to his men. The brunt of the fighting was carried by Parks 11 Group and by Leigh-Mallorys 12 Group. Though badly stretched during the course of the fighting, Dowdings integrated system proved effective and at no point did he commit more than fifty percent of his aircraft to the battle zone. During the course of the fighting, a debate emerged between Park and Leigh-Mallory regarding tactics. While Park favored intercepting raids with individual squadrons and subjecting them to continued attack, Leigh-Mallory advocated for massed attacks by Big Wings consisting of at least three squadrons. The thought behind the Big Wing was that a larger number of fighters would increase enemy losses while minimizing RAF casualties. Opponents pointed out that it took longer for Big Wings to form and increased the danger of fighters being caught on the ground refueling. Dowding proved unable to resolve the differences between his commanders, as he preferred Parks methods while the Air Ministry favored the Big Wing approach. Dowding was also criticized during the battle by Vice Marshal William Sholto Douglas, Assistant Chief of Air Staff, and Leigh-Mallory for being too cautious. Both men felt that Fighter Command should be intercepting raids before they reached Britain. Dowding dismissed this approach as he believed it would increase losses in aircrew. By fighting over Britain, downed RAF pilots could be quickly returned to their squadrons rather than lost at sea. Though Dowdings approach and tactics proved correct for achieving victory, he was increasingly seen as uncooperative and difficult by his superiors. With the replacement of Newell with Air Chief Marshal Charles Portal, and with an aged Trenchard lobbying behind the scenes, Dowding was removed from Fighter Command in November 1940, shortly after winning the battle. Later Career Awarded the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath for his role in the battle, Dowding was effectively sidelined for the rest of his career due to his outspoken and forthright manner. After conducting an aircraft purchasing mission to the United States, he returned to Britain and conducted an economic study on RAF manpower before retiring in July 1942. In 1943, he was created First Baron Dowding of Bentley Priory for his service to the nation. In his later years, he became actively engaged in spiritualism and increasingly bitter regarding his treatment by the RAF. Largely living away from the service, he did serve as the president of the Battle of Britain Fighter Association. Dowding died at Tunbridge Wells on February 15, 1970, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. Sources Royal Air Force Museum: Hugh DowdingWorld War II Database: Hugh DowdingRAFWeb: Hugh Dowding

STEP analysis and Market Segmentation Assignment

STEP analysis and Market Segmentation - Assignment Example The company manufactures its vehicles at 23 production and assembly plants in seven countries and sells them through 34 subsidiaries. The company operates through three business divisions: automobiles, motorcycles and financial services. The automobiles division develops, manufactures, assembles and sells passenger cars and off-road vehicles under the brands BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce. It also sells spare parts and accessories. BMW and MINI brand products are sold in Germany through showrooms of BMW and independent dealers. The company sells passenger cars outside Germany through subsidiaries and independent import companies. The BMW is responsible for the manufacture products such as: BMW C1, BMW 1 series, BMW 3 series, BMW 5 series, BMW 6 series, BMW 7 series, BMW X3, BMW X5, BMW Z4, MINI, MINI Cooper, MINI Cabriolet and the Rolls-Royce Phantom. BMW's growth over the years had paid off from a boutique European automaker to a global leader in premium cars. Among their products, BMW's MINI Cooper is holding its own against more established rivals in the new car market. It is also one of the lowest depreciating models in terms of used car sales. It is for this reason that BMW has decided to increase its investment into the Mini. This is a wise move, since sustained demand, even after five years on the market, suggests that the model is a mini goldmine. It is unlikely that anyone predicted the success of the Mini Cooper when it was launched by BMW in 2001 - the revamped model has taken the European market by storm. Originally, BMW intended to produce 100,000 vehicles a year but given the high demand, an increased investment of GBP100 million has been set aside for Mini Cooper in 2005, taking the yearly production total to over 200,000 vehicles a year by 2007. After its 2001 launch, BMW hoped to sell 800,000 units of the current Mini in eight years. The Mini plant in Oxford, England, has been refurbished to boost annual capacity to 260,000 units from 200,000. The plant also will build a new variant, the Traveller station wagon, starting in late 2007, and the second-generation Mini convertible starting in 2008 (Ceferri and McVeigh, 18 Sept 2006). While sceptics argued whether it was the right move for BMW to launch Mini Cooper in 2001, the debate has now shifted towards whether the success of the Mini can continue into the future or whether it is just a fad, a little like Volkswagen's new Beetle, where sales fell dramatically after the initial consumer enthusiasm for the new model. BMW certainly thinks that its investment is well justified. The Mini's price point ranges between GBP11,000 to nearly GBP18,000, which pits the car against the popular Volkswagen Golf and Peugeot 307. Despite this, the demand for the model is generally high across the range with a UK waiting list for several models. Additionally, another key indicator with regards to the success of the model is the demand for it in the used car market, where its rate of depreciation is amongst the lowest of any vehicle in the UK. It is these metrics which must have given BMW the impetus to continue funding the development of the Mini. It is already very valuable to BMW, having surpassed all expectations in terms of popularity, and with its sales cycle having now run for four years with demand still riding high, BMW certainly seems onto a winner. In

Dangerous Virus of the 21st Century Dissertation

Dangerous Virus of the 21st Century - Dissertation Example It has also to be appreciated that the virus is even a health risk to the researchers and this may account for the seemingly almost absence research on finding either its cure or treatment. All in all, it can be said that even though the disease is fairly widely known among the medical community, the general public appears not to have enough information and this was clear during the recent outbreak. Going forward, it will be interesting to note the efforts that will be directed towards the disease in the coming months and years given that the latest Ebola outbreak appears to have come under control. The outbreak of Ebola virus in parts of West Africa, and specifically Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea surprised the world and filled people with fear. This is because, for the first time, the scale of the outbreak was simply unprecedented (Bradford, 2014, Close, 1995). Many people like never before were affected and killed by the virus, and within days, it had captured the attention of the world. According to several studies, Ebola virus can first be traced to an outbreak in 1976 which affected Sudan and former Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo or simply DRC) (CDC, 2015, Bradford, 2014 and Cohen, 2001). The name Ebola came from the Ebola River which is found in the DRC (Cohen, 2001). Ebola is a viral disease, popularly known as Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. It is fatal if left untreated, and fatalities can reach up to 90 percent of the cases (Close, 1995). The most important fact is that Ebola has no known cure and can only be managed by ensuring that the patient is hydrated as it involves a lot of loss of the body fluids. Ebola outbreaks in the past have mainly been confined to rural areas where populations are mostly sparse. This is perhaps why the previous outbreaks were easily contained after a few deaths (Centre for Health Protection, 2014).